The Fabulous Button Sisters free essay sample

Michelle was living with her aunt, because her mom was trying to make a breakthrough in Hollywood as a celebrity, and couldn’t have Michelle with her, because she was very young when she had Michelle and she would lose her status if she had hers kid with her. When Karen’s former best friend came back from her sick leave Michelle had made Karen her best friend-. Karen still wanted to be friend with Connie, but not in the same way as before- At the same time Micelles was making a booking to every party at the club and helped Karen to get style. They turned in to be the â€Å"Fabulous Button Sisters†. Later Michelle had decided that they were going to dress up as buttons. Karen in brown and Michelle in white- Michelle said to Karen that all they had to do were to go to America were Micelles mom was living. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fabulous Button Sisters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Karen’s parents were getting worried because of the influence Michelle had on her. She seemed fading away said the parents. Michelle kept controlling Karen. The next step was a diet to get a good shape, which was an idea from one of her aunt’s magazines. Now it was time for the 2 girls to show the city the â€Å"Fabulous button Sisters†. Michelle called Karen’s home and said that he was by the corner in ten minutes, but when Karen came to the corner, she could see that Michelle didn’t have the clothes on which they have agreed on. The first Michelle said was that her mom wanted her to join her. Karen didn’t answer at once because she was confused about Micelles outbreak; she thought that she was going with her to the American. But Michelle had forgotten about their arrangement. So things turned to be the ordinary. Michelle kept sending letters to Karen. Karen saw that the letters from Micelle? mother wasn’t from Hollywood, but Birmingham and the letters Michelle wrote now were also from Birmingham, but one thing she learns from here, was to take ownership of something. Characterization of Karen. Its about Karen she is the main character in this story. She is an ordinary girl, there is down to earth but not so confident with herself when Michelle turned up in hers life she gets controlled a nd manipulate, because Karen get blinded of all the things that Michelle told here. Karen change her behavior after she gets friend with Michelle, so Michelle can be proud of here. In the end of the text Karen realizes how mean Michelle had been to her, and how she didn’t care for Karen with all the lies and the letters there was sent from Birmingham not Hollywood, but Karen misses the control it’s like a part of her Is missing. Michelle’s behavior She is not a very nice girl she take control over Karen instantly and lies about her life, it could be that she have a lot issues to handle and she reflects her unhappiness to order. What is friendship? For me friendship is many things, you have good friends and some that just are friends but not so close. In general friendship is an important thing in our life’s, it is necessary to have another person that you are comfort with and can trust, but it’s have to go both ways to have a healthy friendship. In the text with Karen and Michelle we can see a unhealthy friendship, because there is no truth and manipulation, which tells us that Karen was honest to the friendship, but Michelle was looking for someone there could make her feel better. So you can might say that equal persons with nearly the same values in life matches the best.

Why Us Left Isolationism essays

Why Us Left Isolationism essays The United States, until just before the end of the World War II, excluded itself to a form of isolationism. By doing this, the United States relied on and looked after itself when dealing with foreign policy. But soon after World War II things changed, isolationism could not work for the betterment of the United States any longer. The United States needed to change the way it operated on an international scale, and take on a more demanding role in its foreign policy making. To understand this shift from isolationism to collective foreign diplomacy, an evaluation of the three levels of analysis would present three different aspects on how and why the United States made this shift. When looking at the post-war era, the United States change from isolationism was essential to its survival due to two key elements: the shift in great power, and the strengthening of United States military and capitalist economy. By using the three levels of analysis, you will be able to understand in depth how their interaction lead to the United States straying from its traditional isolationism, to its current role of collective foreign diplomacy. To understand the entire realm of things, you would need to start from the third level of analysis, The System. From the post-war International system to the events that lead up to the United States shift, all started at the third level of analysis. Prior to the great wars, the international system consisted of multiple great powers, and in turn caused multiple points of conflict (known as dyads), causing the United State to form its pre-war stance of isolationism to protect its own security. After World War II, the fall of Hitler and the devastation suffered during the wars by most of the great powers in Europe, caused the International system to have a shift in great powers. From this shift, it lead to a bipolar system, leaving the United States and a rebuilding communist S...

Adult Learning Assumptions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adult Learning Assumptions - Research Paper Example Adult learning assumption Learning process is progressive and can occur at any stage of life. Some people may engage in learning from their early stages and pass through the formal education system while others may recognize or access learning opportunities at their later stages of life. While the formal education may not be appropriate for the latter category, an informal adult education exists. Studies have been undertaken on adult education with Knowles’ approach towards assumptions of adult education as an example and this paper argues that three of the Knowles’ assumptions: self-concept, experience, and motivation to learn, are the most right. The self-concept assumption is one of the Knowles’ six assumptions and offers significant impacts on adult education. Knowles argued that as adults’ self-concept is that of a â€Å"self directing human being† (Henry, 2009, p. 127). He argued for a transition from a dependent self-concept to one in which a n adult is an independent personality and an active player in the learning process as opposed to a young learner who assumes a passive role and depends on the lecturer or tutor for learning. Significance of this assumption is derived from the author’s opinion that established it as the most important the understanding adult learning. Cognitive development processes that transcend a person’s life from birth to adulthood also support the assumption’s importance. ... Teachers’ experience in adult education also support significance of the self-concept assumption through their experience that promoting self-concept helps in facilitating adult learning. The role of diversity on performance, including performance in learning, also supports significance of self-concept because recognizing adult learners’ perception towards learning and empowering each learner based on developed self-concept achieves success in each learner. Validity and significance of the self-concept assumption explains why it is right (Wilson and Hayes, 2009). â€Å"The role of the learner’s experience† is another right assumption that Knowles made on adult learning (Baskas, 2013, p. 49). According to Knowles, people acquire varying experiences with age and this means that adults have more experiences that young learners have. Further, the limited scope of young learners’ experiences limits diversity as compared to experiences among adult learner s and the difference in experiences influences adult learning. One of the effects of experience that establishes its significance to adult learning is the realized need for specific knowledge among adults. Their interaction with real life phenomena such as in work environments identifies specific needs that motivates the adults into learning and the facilitator’s identification of the needs and capitalization on empowerment based on the needs forms a basis for further motivating adults in learning processes. Extensive experience that adults bring into learning also empowers them to contribute to learning processes and supports the assumption’s significance to learning processes of groups of adults because allowing the learners to be active

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Philosophy - Essay Example It can be studied as a property of brain. All the human activities are controlled by the instructions from the brain. Cognitive capacities include; the ability to analyze a situation, the ability to evaluate the do’s and don’ts, implementation of actions, understanding and analysis of ideas to form clear pictures about an incident, hypothesis formations, generalizations, anticipation of new possibilities, ability to understand the cause-and-effect linkages among a system etc. The intellectual levels of different human beings are different and hence the cognitive capacities also will be different from person to person. â€Å"According to the computational theory of mind (CTM), mental capacities are explained by inner computations, which in biological organisms are realized in the brain† (Gualtiero Piccinini). Human mind activities are more or less similar to that of a computer. A computer is providing us the output after a lot of computations. Whatever the instructions supplied to a computer is been processed inside the Central Processing Similarly our mind also will undergo lot of computing process before taking a decision. The instructions to the computer is been supplied through the keyboard or mouse while in the case of human being the instructions are obtained through the senses, ear, eyes, nose, tongue and skin. In the case of a computer the information will be processed in the CPU while in the case of human it is processed in the brain. For computers the instructions supplied from the keyboard or mouse will reach the CPU through address buses while in the case of human the instructions from the senses reaches the brain through nerves associated with the senses. Consider the case of a purchasing decision of a car by a person. He will decide about the car to be purchased only after lot of computations such as analyzing the data about different models of cars, evaluation of price factors, fuel economy, maintenance costs, resale value, his

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS - Assignment Example The first store to be opened globally was in Middle East in Dubai. (i) Current Ratio: The current ratio signifies a company’s ability to pay off its short term obligations that is the ability to cover up short-term liabilities (debt and payables) with short-term assets (cash, inventory and receivables). The higher the current ratio, the higher the ability of the firm to payoff short-term obligations but it can also depict inefficiency in handling illiquid assets such as inventory. AEO depicts a favorable trend in terms of this ratio as it has elevated from 2.9 in 2010 to 3.0 in 2011. In contrast with the industry average, the company has performed quite well. But such a high current ratio can also show inefficiency in handling illiquid assets such as inventory but this cannot be determined without the help of Quick ratio. (ii) Accounts Receivable Turnover: This ratio talks about the management efficiency of a firm in collecting cash from debtors who were sold goods on credit by the firm; the ratio is computed in times and shows how many times a firm generates and collects cash from debtors in a year. The higher the turnover, the more the efficient the firm is but this would also depict an aggressive or tightened credit policy and can lead to lesser sales generation. American Eagle Outfitters’ trend of Accounts receivable turnover is favorable as it has increased from 2010 to 2011. This compared to the industry shows a way higher ratio and depicts that it operates a very aggressive credit policy. (iii) Inventory Turnover: This ratio again comes under management efficiency of a company and depicts that how many times a year the inventory had been sold for cash and re-stocked; the higher the turnover the more efficient the management of the firm is. The trend of this ratio is favorable for American Eagle as it has increased in the two years

The Effects Of Globalisation For Women Sociology Essay

The Effects Of Globalisation For Women Sociology Essay Critics of Globalisation have expressed the view that the opening of markets and foreign investment in developing countries will further exacerbate the existing gender disadvantages and create conditions of forced labour amongst women. What this paper considers is that as countries become more open and transparent through globalisation, it becomes very hard to sustain and continue cultures of discrimination and gender rights imbalances. Whilst some areas of womens rights are exacerbated by Globalization. The majority of women globally have benefited greatly from employment opportunities, access to new technologies, support from NGOs, increased political rights and social freedoms. Female education has been recognized as one of the critical pathways to promote social and economic development. Female participation in education has been acknowledged as the single most important investment that a developing country can make, translating into better living conditions for families and increased productivity. Education is a crucial element of increasing rights for women, countries that hold a higher female literacy rate have a lower gender inequality rate. In developing countries 1 in 5 girls that enrol in primary school will not complete her primary education (USAID, 2009 ) which obviously creates a massive disparity between a the female population and a more educated male population. Globalisation has increased access to NGO for women in developing countries, many of these NGOs promote the education of women and develop programs to specifically target education gender inequalities. Catholic Relief Services (NGO) targeted the increasing school attendance and reducin g dropout rates amount girls (Obanya, 2004). Once a group of girls are educated they then are able to pass these benefits onto the community and their family members and future husbands are able to appreciate the reasons and benefits of educating women; slowly increasing the female education rate with each generation. In developing countries investing in just once extra year of education means women are more likely to earn more, raise healthier families and are more likely to be better educated about diseases and health issues. Higher female literacy rates also correlate strongly to reduced fertility rates and lower infant mortality rates (Kawachi Wamala, 2007). Womens health and access to health services has improved dramatically through globalisation. Women have additional vulnerabilities, malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy complications, cervical and breast cancer, domestic violence, sexual abuse, and genital mutilation. Globalisation and improvement of health, particularly in impoverished countries has lead to greater levels of birth control and sexual health. Developing countries have a disproportionate number of female deaths during child birth as well as high infant mortality rates, through improved health and education these rates. Women suffer from Malaria and HIV more than any other diseases, in some areas the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been able to reduce malaria infections by up to 50% greatly reducing the risks of child birth (Bellamy, 2004). Education programs by the WHO have helped to improve safe sex practises in an effort to reduce HIV infection. Womens health is improving with globalisation. Thi s is because overall Improved population health, particularly amongst the worlds poorest countries, is increasingly associated with improved economic growth. As the economies and work forces of developing countries grow stronger so do their levels of health and social awareness in the process improving womens health. In grained and miss informed cultural practises are still a major issue to for womens health. Female genital mutilation is a practise that still exists and is culturally practised, over 132 million women and girls have been victims of genital mutilation (Tinker, Finn, Epp, 2000). The majority of the African nations have now made it illegal to commit female genital mutilation, however without public education making the practise illegal would be ineffective. Government organisations along with NGOs have developed education and awareness programs in many developing nations to outline the affects and problems with this long standing cultural practise. This aims to reduce significantly the practise of female genital mutilation and so far has shown positive results. Political and democratic representation is obviously plays major role in the advancement through creation of public policies and legislation. The status of women has vastly improved through participation in democratic processes. Some countries such as Indian and France have introduced quotas to ensure a certain level of participation in the political process, the quotas aim overall to ensure that womens interests are looked after at a government level (International IDEA, 1998). The quota system ensures that cultural and gender barriers do not impede the proper representation of women in the political environment. Some critics dislike the idea of a quota system as they believe it artificially increases female representation, when democracy is meant to be democratic and that women are being elected just because they are women. This is a fairly shallow view of the overall problem, by actively representing women within politics it enables cultural change, it enables discriminatory pract ises to be overturned by governments and enables an overall fairer, balanced democratic process. As an example through the support of the UN the World Economic Forum (WEF) has developed the Women Leaders and  Gender Parity  Programme to encourage womens participation in the WEF has risen from 9% in 2001 to 17% in 2007 (WEF, 2010). Worldwide women only currently represent 18% of all political positions, whilst this may seem like a small number it is important to consider that since 1945 womens political participation has quadrupled as part of a globalised society (Karam, 1998). What this says is whilst women are still at a serious disadvantage at obtaining political positions, this disadvantage is decreasing and worldwide female representation is dramatically improving with globalisation. Whilst Western women have benefited the most from globalisation, there still remains a disparity in the working environment. Gender Inequality in the workplace is one of the most publicised issues for womens rights activists, discrimination in the workplace today is more subtle and is correspondingly harder to detect. This has resulted in a large proportion of women in part-time work and very little representation in upper managerial roles, when compared to males of equal education and experience. Whilst Anti-discrimination legislation has existed in Australia since the 1980s and yet there still remains a large disparity in the workplace between men and women, due to gender and cultural stereotypes. The glass ceiling in many professional workplaces denies women the opportunities to rise through the ranks of organisations. This was highlighted through a study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics which found women on average earn $611.50 per week and men earn $897.50 (ABS, 2005). Whi lst direct wage discrimination has all but been quashed, a division of labour still exists due to roles being defined along traditional gender lines. These roles are often rewarded more highly in favour of male workers (Jones, 1983). This is highlighted in the law profession where 60% of Monash University Law graduates are women yet less than 14% of women are partners in law firms. (McLeod, 2008). This is not something confined to the legal profession nor is it something confined to Australia, only 1 to 3 per cent of top executive jobs in the largest corporations worldwide are held by women (Wirth, Luxembourg). Despite some existing problems overall these figures have increase dramatically over the last century, even thirty years ago women had little or no representation in a large corporate environment. From 1985 to 2010 there has been a massive increase of participation of women within the workplace globally and this expect to rise further in coming years (ILO, 2010). As the world becomes more globalised gender equality within the workplace is reduced, this is because the main barriers to this form is equality culture and social norms are changed. Globalisation creates increased employment opportunities and demand for women in non-traditional sectors enable them to earn and control income, thus providing a source of empowerment and enhancing womens capacity for representation and power within the community. In a recent World Bank study of developing countries, respondents from more than 90% of the countries studied identified gender violence as a serious problem (Doyal, 2002). Modern day slavery and trafficking of women has become a major problem. Transnational crime has become prevalent through globalisation and remains a massive threat to women in particular vulnerable women. The underground trafficking of women across borders is an issue of great international concern and has been exacerbated by globalisation. The individuals that are normally transported in these operations are normally abused, raped and often forced or coerced to work as prostitutes in a target country. One of the main contributing factors to this increase in trafficking has been the widespread forced submission of women. Poverty stricken populations are more vulnerable to trafficking, because these women and girls have a very low social status that puts them at risk. Another signifigant contributor to the increase in trafficking is political targeting and conflict zones. The breakdown of society and the rule of law have made these women especially vulnerable to the lure of a better future or an exit out of their countries or event a forced exit. The counter measures in place in the majority of countries target the human traffickers with heavy imprisonment and fines, specifically in Australia this is targeted with the anti-slavery and organised people smuggling legislation where the maximum penalty imposed can be 25 years (David, 2000). This legislation aligns with the United Nations Conventions against Transnational Organised crime, which specifically targeted the trafficking of people (Green Grewcock, 2002). Despite these efforts at any given time over 2.5 million people are held in forced labor the majority of which are women and a further 98% of these experience physical sexual abuse (ILO, 2007). Overall 43% of trafficked people are used for sexual exploitation or prostitution almost all of whom are women (ILO, 2007). Cowen highlights quite elegantly the problems with globalisation, While some sectors expand extreme rapidity, other shrink and wither away (Cowen, 2002). This is true for women and globalisation in some areas women have received increased rights and economic power and yet in many places they still suffer large amounts of gendered violence. Globalisation has presented new challenges and new opportunities to women, gender equality develops from many different sources and it is often impossible to determine whether these are the result of globalisation or they just have been exacerbated by it.

Expansion Of Government Power :: essays research papers

Expansion of Government Power During the Civil War and Reconstruction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to what I believed in the past, the United States federal government retained and expanded their power and authority during the years of the Civil war along with the period of Reconstruction. Through drafts and monitored elections, they exercised this power during the Civil War. Then, as Reconstruction began, they initiated other methods of increasing their authority over the citizens. Military was placed in Southern states, by the federal government, in order to keep control over the rebellious people. Not only that, but, the idea of putting the federal government in charge of Reconstruction and rebuilding an entire nation gave them an enormous amount of power. Finally, the creation of the 14th and 15th Amendment were two more big achievements on the part of the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the month of April of 1862, the government issued the first draft of the Civil War. Throughout the war, they put out drafts because so many men were needed to fight. Citizens were expected to obey these orders, and as the war progressed, it was harder and harder for men to avoid fighting for their country. Towards the end, the government began forcing almost every able man to enlist in the army. Men of ages 17-50 were drafted in the South (20-45 in the North); bodies were needed. And the government made sure that they got what they needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with drafts, the federal government also monitored elections in order to control who the people were voting for. Ballots only contained candidates which were appropriate according to the government, and various colored slips were associated with the different nominees. Everyone could see what color slip everyone else was holding, and people holding slips that they â€Å"weren’t supposed to† were later caught and punished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The power of the federal government can also be seen during Lincoln’s presidency at the time of the Civil War. He swayed the entire purpose of the war to something far off from what had been the initial purpose. From fighting for the preservation of the Union, Northerners readily began to accept that the abolition of slavery was the cause of the war for them, not the Union. Lincoln and his power made this happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Reconstruction began, our government was given the full responsibility of rebuilding and revising many areas of our nation. That is some incredibly power– having the authority to change an entire country to what they thought was correct.

35 year old male rugby player Essay

Rugby players need to be very well built. They need to be a mesomorph build ideally. They are in-between the mesomorph and endomorph on the scale, but should be a lot closer to the mesomorph than an endomorph. This means rugby players need to have broad shoulders, a muscular body, strong forearms and thighs. They could also have some fat. In some ways a lot of fat is good because it is harder to be tackled, but in another way it isn’t very good because it is harder to run, and you get out of breath easier. Rugby is a contact sport and relies on aggression in some ways. To tackle someone in rugby you can take them out by their legs, jump on them, tug their clothes, just about anyway to get the ball really. This would suggest if a player is an introvert they would not enjoy rugby, because they would prefer to keep to themselves and avoid contact. A rugby player also cannot be afraid of the ball, or afraid of being tackled. They need to be quite brave. Also you need tom be able to communicate with your team. It is a team sport and needs the whole team to work together n order to be successful. If you are the type of person who cannot do this, you like to work and play on your own you would not be well suited as a rugby player. Rugby players also can get very badly injured. Especially in scrums or when you are tackled. There is a lot of violence involved in rugby and injuries can be nasty. You need to be very careful and use some of the rules to help prevent injuries as I’ve explained below. Injuries do happen and you need to take that risk What they need to work on/improve Rugby players need to improve certain things to maintain a high level of performance. These things could be: This means that any fitness levels gained will be reversed when you stop. To stop this from happening, you need to train every 2-3 days to keep your fitness level where it is. 16 year old gymnast Section 1-their needs, Gymnasts need to be extremely flexible and supple. They need to be in between a mesomorph build, and an ectomorph build. They would probably need to be slightly more mesomorph than ectomorph. This means gymnasts need to have muscle, but not too much and need to have very little body fat. A lot of muscle would be good in some ways because gymnastics is very demanding, and needs a lot of physical ability, especially for types of gymnastics such as the bars, although, gymnasts need to be very light and a lot of muscle could weigh them down considerably. Gymnastics contain a large variety of different skills, so gymnasts need to be skilled in lots of different areas. Although a lot of gymnasts do concentrate on a specific area. Gymnastics is mainly a solo sport, and this sort of sport is ideal for people who are shy, introverted, or people who just like being on your own, and like doing things your way without having to rely on other members of a team to support you. You can also get quite badly injured in gymnastics, although probably not as bad as you could in other sports like rugby. You need to be very confident in your ability and very confident in your area before attempting the exercise. What they need to work on/improve Gymnasts need to improve certain things to maintain a high level of performance. These things could be: General fitness. Gymnasts need a very high level of general fitness as well as a very high level of specific fitness.

buy custom Why an Increase in Medical Radiation essay

buy custom Why an Increase in Medical Radiation essay Medical radiation is a discipline in healthcare or medicine that is growing very fast. It has continually accepted the improvement in technology, digital imaging and instrumentation. Because of the increased improvements in technology, medical radiation has become one of the most advanced and dynamic areas of clinical medicine today (National Research Council, 2000). Even though there has been an increase in complaints of the harm that radiation has on human bodies, medical radiation of the right dosage is beneficial to human beings. As long as radiation is not abused then it can be of great benefits to human beings. Patients are usually constantly exposed to radiation rays. This occurrence is, however, the most popular with cancer patients who have to undergo the radiation process as part of their treatment. There has been an increase in the use of medical radiation in many medical centres even though there have also been improvements in technology. The increase in medical radiation doses is because of the many health benefits that radiation has on patients such as cancer ones. Patients are constantly exposed to radiation rays from diagnostic examinations even though the level or rate of exposure is generally low (National Research Council, 2000). The medical radiation doses have therefore increased because of the justified benefits of accurate diagnosis of the disease at hand. There has not been any valid and solid proof of radiation causing any harm especially at the low levels of exposure under which the diagnostic radiological examinations are carried out. According to Oxtoby (2007) there have been only theoretical evidence and no practical evidence of the harm caused by medical radiation. Even the theoretical evidence shows low cancer risks because of the low levels of radiation rays that are used during the examinations and diagnoses in medical radiation. Medical radiations have low risk levels as compared to the natural r adiation. The radiation doses given to patients should be regulated to ensure that they are not exposed to a lot of radiation rays which might be harmful to them. It is, however, very difficult to determine the right dosage for medical radiation. The dosage for medical radiation also varies between different cases of different patients. The dosage will also change depending on different variables that will have an effect on the whole radiation process, for example, the settings of the machine that is used to produce the radiation rays (Oxtoby, 2007). If the machine is set to produce more rays then the risks of exposure and harm from radiation rays will be more as compared to when the machine is set to release or produce little rays. Doses in Medical Radiation The radiation doses given to normal individuals or patients are different to that given to pregnant women. In medical radiation, high doses are given so that the cancer tissues can be destroyed. According to Powrie (2010) it is usually very tricky and challenging to give a dosage that is enough to destroy the cancer cells but at the same time not too much to have a negative effect on the patient or to be harmful to the patient. Special care is usually given to women who are pregnant. This is because of the sensitivity of the embryo to radiation. It is, therefore, advised that if there is a possibility of anothe option rather than radiation to be used on pregnant women then the other option should be fully utilized. If radiation dosage is necessary for the pregnant woman then precautions should be taken to ensure that the embryo is not affected or that the dosage is as little as possible to reduce the risks of exposure (Powrie, 2010). For patients who have a child bearing history or t he women who have had children before, a pregnancy test should be administered to them before they undergo any medical radiation process or examination. The dosage is usually regulated in different ways, for example, some techniques are usually used to focus the radiation dose only in the areas where the radiation rays are intended to reach while, on the other hand, administering lower doses to the normal tissues that are not affected. The radiation rays that are placed in direct contact with the tissues should be in very small quantities so as to avoid any harm that may be caused on the other healthy tissues that are around the cancer tissues. Risks of Medical Radiation Exposure There has been a constant debate on whether exposure to radiation rays is harmful or beneficial to human beings. The fact is that radiation can cause harm even though not practically proven and it also has its benefits. Every amount of radiation has an element of risk in it and, therefore, the greater the amount the greater the risk. The risks of harm from radiation as earlier mentioned depend on different factors such as the size of the dosage and the rate at which the dosage is administered. Other factors include the type of radiation ray that has been administered or prescribed and the age and health of the individual that is getting the dosage. Small doses of radiation usually increase the risk of getting cancer. Warrell (2003) explains that these risks are, however, small as compared to the risks posed from other factors different from radiation such as flying in airplane or driving a car. The risks of getting cancer from exposure to radiation rays is very small when the individ ual is exposed to other harmful factors such as smoking and alcohol which might also lead to the patient getting cancer. Many people, however, usually misperceived the risks of getting cancer from radiation exposure. This is because of the negativity that has been there towards the use of radiation for medical purposes. National Research Council (2000) believes that the effects of radiation on patients of human beings are divided into two categories, namely, stochastic and non-stochastic effects. The stochastic effects will be there even at low dosage of radiation because they do not have a threshold in which they occur. The non-stochastic effects occur only when the dosage exceeds a certain threshold for example if the radiation dosage is higher than normal. These effects are, however, not as severe as the stochastic effects. The risk of harm from radiation rays is different in different parts of the body. This is because different parts of the body have different levels of sensitivity towards the radiation rays. For example, radiation rays administered on the hand will have a different effect than the radiation dose administered on the reproductive areas. The effects in the reproductive area will be bigger because the reproductive area is more radiosensitive than the hand and, therefore, will bbe more and easily affected by the radiation dosage (Warrell, 2003). Managing Risks of Exposure to Radiation Radiation rays should be applied to only affected areas. This will help in reducing the risk of harm to other areas which are not affected. There should, therefore, be valid reasons why radiation dosages should be administered to a patient. For example, the patient has to be confirmed to be having cancer tissues before administering the radiation dose. A mere speculation is not enough reason and this may increase the risks of exposure. A justification is, therefore, needed for a radiation dose to be administered. The radiation dose should also be administered to the affected areas only by using the most dose effective settings on the machine administering the dose. This will ensure that very low levels of radiations are administered. Risks of exposure can also be reduced through consultations between patients and physicians before any dosage of radiation is administered Reasons for Increased Use of Medical Radiation There has been an increase in the use of medical radiation despite the constant developments in the technological fields that can be used instead of the radiation process. The growth has been caused by the increased usage of medical radiation or the increased use of radiation in medical services. The most well-known use of radiation for medical services is x-rays. X-rays are usually used to determine whether bones are broken. Yarbro (2011) further explains that other branches of radiology used for medical purposes are the mammography, computerized tomography which is popularly known as the CT scan and nuclear medicine. Cardiology is also another field of medicine where radiation is used. Radiation is also used for treatment of diseases such as cancer. The increased use of radiation technology in medical field has been because of the various benefits that radiation has on the field of medicine. X-ray is the field of medicine that uses radiation the most in detecting whether bones are broken or not. Despite the developments of new ways of detecting and treating broken limbs, the use of radiation rays is very important and almost mandatory in the confirmation that the limb is actually broken (Yarbro, 2011). Other technologies and methods might be important in speculating but it is the radiation rays that will confirm whether the limb is broken or not. There has also been an increase in the use of radiation despite the development of other methods and modern technologies because of the ability to control the risk of exposure of patients or healthy tissues to radiation rays. There are several ways in which the risk of exposure can be reduced when radiation is being used. The dosage of radiation is usually monitored and controlled throu gh the settings of the machine that is administering the radiation rays. This usually helps in reducing the levels or radiation rays that are administered to the affected areas and this will reduce the effects of the radiation rays on the healthy tissues that are surrounding the healthy tissues. Medical radiation will, therefore, be used more frequently even though there are new technologies that have been developed. This is because of its accuracy and its effectiveness in its treatments. Buy custom Why an Increase in Medical Radiation essay

Greek Architecture essays

Greek Architecture essays Classical Greek Architecture is one of the most well known forms of architecture. It is broken down into three orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The orders are determined by the way the capitol of the column is sculpted. The Doric order, the oldest and simplest of the three orders, originated around 400 B.C. It was developed by the Dorian Greeks and later modified by the Romans. Doric columns are fluted and rise directly from the floor. The most distinctive feature of the order is the simple cushion shape of the capitol. They were intended to be sturdy and lacked elegant design. The Ionic order originated along the coast of the Asia Minor. The Ionic column is taller and more slender than the Doric. Unlike the Doric, the Ionic column has a base. The most distinctive feature of the ionic column is the scroll shape of the capitol, which made it slightly fancier than the Doric. The Ionic order was more popular in the eastern parts of Greece where there was an emphasis on elegance and ornamentation. The Corinthian order is the most decorative and complicated of the three orders. It is also the last, not arriving until the middle of the fourth centenary, B.C. Aside from its distinct capitol, the Corinthian column is similar to the Ionic except it is more slender in size. The capitol of a Corinthian column is characterized by its elaborate floral and leafy design. The Parthenon, built in honor of the Goddess Athena, is considered to be the greatest Doric temple ever built. It was constructed between 447 and 432 BCE by the Greek sculptor Phidias and the Greek architects Ictenus and Callicrates. It is the largest temple in Greece. The Parthenon is called octo style because it has eight columns in the front and the back of it and is surrounded by a colonnade. Inside, it is constructed as most temples were. The central chamber, or cella, faced east, with a wood figure of Athena covered in gold and ivory in it. There wa ...

The concept of organizational change within management theory Research Paper

The concept of organizational change within management theory - Research Paper Example Organizational change is a paradigm for addressing the impact of new external and internal forces, changes in culture and structure within an organization (Mills, 2003). Basically, organizational change deals with the change management’s human aspect. A methodical organizational change is favorable when change necessitates all the people in an organization to gain new skills, practices, and knowledge (Poole & Van De Ven, 2004). By appropriately establishing expectations and goals, using instruments to enhance communication and information dissemination and dynamically pursuing means to avoid misunderstanding, stakeholders are more predisposed to accept a change at the onset and remain steadfast to the change despite of any difficulties accompanying it. Meanwhile, if one were to look deeply after monitoring and examining several organizational changes, an array of goals would appear to exist. These goals could be implied or formally stated, or they could be embedded in the deci sions and responses of the management (Kamoche, Cunha, & Cunha, 2002). To the outsider, the general goals can be grouped under such categories as reduced turnover, reinforced innovation, new strategies, enhanced teamwork and cooperation, strengthened motivation, etc (Kamoche et al., 2002). Organizational changes are usually intended for these several common goals. Fundamental to these more apparent goals are generally two underlying purposes: (1) changes in employees’ behaviors and attitudes, and (2) changes in the adaptation level of an organization (Kezar, 2001). The first objective of organizational change, to realize transformations in patterns of behavior, becomes evident if one identifies that the adaptation level of the organization is not strengthened except if a large number of its people behave or act differently with regard to their tasks and their relationship to each other. An organization does not function mechanically; it operates through its people, and every organization possesses distinctive approaches to decision making (Kezar, 2001). Hence, any organizational change, regardless if it will be established through a training course or a new structural plan, is fundamentally trying to encourage employees to accept and implement new behavioral patterns and rudiments for performing tasks and relating to each other. Likewise, organizations are constantly trying to adapt themselves strongly and effectively to their immediate internal and external environment. Due to the fact that organizational management has no power to totally control its environment, particularly the external one, they are persistently obliged to initiate internal changes in the organization which permit them to deal more successfully with new challenges and problems of the external environment, such as difficult social demands, technological advances, heightened competition, and new government regulation (Murray & Richardson, 2002). Organizational changes are normally la unched in ‘response’ to demands from the external environment. Nevertheless, in several instances, changes are initiated in ‘expectation’ of future demands and problems. What Provokes Organizational Change? A fundamental fact of the twenty-first century is that managers and organizations as a whole are confronted with insistent pressures of change. Organizations are ever more

Operational Factors of Maritime Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operational Factors of Maritime Theater - Essay Example The fear was that the United Kingdom was fighting a battle too far from home and that its people were the ones that would suffer in the end. In addition, time and space restraints have since resulted in the British resolving to not again enter a situation where their land-based air support was compromised and largely out of range. As a result, the maritime theater expressed by the UK military has greatly shifted as a results of conflict in the Falklands, and this can be reflected by a shift in operational space, force, and time. This discussion will begin with a cursory examination of the situation that resulted in the War in the Falklands. As with most wars, two opposing viewpoints certain resulted in the escalation of tensions between Argentina and Great Britain in terms of the Falklands. Argentina, believing that an island that just rested 200 miles from its coast could not possibly be considered a territory of the UK, which was thousands of miles away. For its part, England argued that the Falklands was parts of its long reaching arm of territories that had held for centuries and, as such, Argentina had no claim to it. Interestingly enough, while other countries were will to assist the UK on the diplomatic front, they were not willing to assist England in any type of physical military response. America, for example, use its strong diplomatic relations with Argentina to argue England’s side, but to no avail. For the conflict to be resolved, England was going to have to go to war on its own, and that it did. This lead to a revaluation of military tactics moving forward as it become evident that it was not feas ible to fight such a conflict so far from the homeland (Hill, 1988). As the Falklands rests in a remote area of the ocean, with Argentina being the closest land mass to it, England was left with nowhere to launch a true land